The UK said the humanitarian situation in DR Congo was “critical” and that it would halt bilateral aid to Rwanda, “excluding support to the poorest and most vulnerable”.

Earlier this month, UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy said Rwanda receives about £32m ($40m) of bilateral aid from the UK every year.

Along with the suspension of aid, the UK will impose other measures, such as looking into potential sanctions and suspending “future defence training assistance”, the statement said.

These measures will last until “significant progress” is made in ceasing hostilities and withdrawing Rwandan military personnel from DR Congo, it added.

UN experts have previously estimated that between 3,000 and 4,000 Rwandan troops are in eastern DR Congo.

Rwanda’s foreign ministry said the “punitive measures” announced by the UK government “in response to the conflict in eastern DRC – where the UK has now clearly chosen a side – are regrettable”.

“The measures do nothing to help the Democratic Republic of Congo, nor do they contribute to achieving a sustainable political solution to the conflict in eastern DRC.”

The UK has previously enjoyed good relations with Rwanda. In 2022, the two countries signed a multi-million pound deal, in which some asylum seekers arriving on British soil would be deported to Rwanda.

The deal faced legal challenges and was scrapped last year after a change in the UK’s government.

DR Congo’s government has been campaigning for international powers to suspend aid and impose sanctions on Rwanda.

Last week, the US Treasury Department said it had imposed sanctions on Rwanda’s Minister of State for Regional Integration, James Kabarebe.

The US accused Kabarebe, a former army chief, of being central to Rwanda’s support for M23.

Also sanctioned was Lawrence Kanyuka, the M23’s spokesman, as well as two companies he controlled in France and the UK, the US Treasury said.

Responding to the US move, Rwanda’s foreign ministry said the sanctions were “unjustified”.

The M23 says it is fighting to achieve better rights for the Tutsis, an ethnic minority group in DR Congo, and to bring order to a failed state.

The rebels have captured eastern DR Congo’s two biggest cities, Goma and Bukavu.