Government data show that international students comprised around 25% of the U.K. student population in 2023, about 750,000 learners.

However, according to CNA, study visa numbers for the 2024–2025 academic year dropped by over 30%, and postgraduate enrollments fell by 40%.

Statistics from the Home Office in January also indicate a 14% decrease in international visa applications in 2024 compared to 2023, the PIE News reported.

Critics attribute the downturn to the government’s stricter immigration policies and visa restrictions introduced in January 2024.

Although tuition fees have remained at roughly US$11,500 per academic year since 2017, rising costs and inflation have placed financial pressure on institutions. While fees are expected to increase by 3% next academic year, their average cost has already risen by 30% since 2017.

Cardiff University in Wales announced plans last month to cut 400 full-time positions, about 7% of its jobs, and discontinue certain programs, including ancient history, nursing and music. The institution cited a $38 million operational deficit for the current academic year.

University officials noted that many U.K. institutions are in a “precarious financial position,” pointing to the decline in international applications and rising operating costs.

Government officials say higher tuition fees could help universities stay afloat, but many institutions argue that such measures alone will not be sufficient to cover budget shortfalls.