Vietnam’s capital of  Hanoi has plenty to offer eager tourists – incredible food, a buzzing nightlife and plenty of culture.

However, it’s also one of the most polluted cities in the world, with smog and burning rubbish making the air quality one of the worst globally. 

Air pollution is measured by the level of PM2.5 particulates – floating particulate matter in the air measuring 2.5 micrometers in diameter or less. These particulates are so small they can be absorbed into the bloodstream when inhaled. 

According to the Air Quality Index, which measures the hazardous small air particles, Hanoi has a PM2.5 concentration of 24.3 times the World Health Organization annual PM2.5 guideline value.

But why does Hanoi have such high air pollution? This capital city is a hub of industrial production as well as heavy traffic, both of which contribute to high levels of smog. Hanoi also burns its trash which sends more particulates into the air. 

In Hanoi, people are being urged to wear masks when outside, and close the windows to their homes to stop the poor quality air from coming inside. It’s also recommended to run an air purifier inside, and avoid outside exercise. 

Despite its high levels of pollution, tourists still pour into Hanoi.  The Vietnam Investment Review reports that on 16 January, up to 160,000 tourists flocked to Hanoi – a 17% increase from the previous year. 

Of these, approximately 28,400 were foreign visitors, a 67% surge, while domestic visitors numbered around 132,000, up by 10%. Total revenue from tourism approximated $24.7 million, reflecting a 26 per cent jump on-year.

It’s easy to see why Hanoi is so popular. This buzzing city was voted the top Asian city getaway by the World Travel Awards in 2024 for the third consecutive year.

Founded 1000 years ago, Hanoi has everything from fabulous shopping to museums and even beaches: Halong Bay is a quick journey from this bustling city.

Hanoi’s Old Quarter is unmissable for visitors with cafes, restaurants and hundreds of market stalls.

Each street has its own specialties. For example, Han Gai Street is a popular spot for custom-made silk clothing, whereas Lan Ong Street is home to traditional herbal medicines.

Two hours from Hanoi is Halong Bay – perhaps Vietnam’s most famous beach. 

A UNESCO World Heritage site, this stunning cove has white sand beaches, gorgeous caves and rock formations. While it’s certainly possible to do a day trip from Hanoi, spending a day or two in this beautiful location will allow you to get the most out of your trip.