While the announcement came as a surprise to many, the collapse of The Vampire’s Wife is not an isolated case. No longer is it enough for a designer to survive with just vision and customer support alone. Earlier this week, the London Fashion Week stalwart Roksanda Ilinčić, announced that she had sold her namesake label, Roksanda, to The Brand Group (TBG), citing “recent volatile market conditions”. In 2023, fashion and celebrity favourite Christopher Kane shuttered his label, preceded by Nicholas Kirkwood, Meadham Kirchhoff and Sibling. Other independent brands including Mary Katrantzou and Giles have scaled back their operations. The British fashion landscape is increasingly a tough place to be for independent businesses, but why?

“If we start with The Vampire’s Wife, the label’s problems began during the pandemic,” says the luxury consultant Hélène Holzmann. “Its hero product was the evening dress and no one was going anywhere for a substantial amount of time. That made a dent in their profits, and was followed by a winding-up petition from HMRC last year. Those debts were settled but, since then, the business had been struggling with distribution – it sold a lot at Matches, which has obviously now closed. Like a lot of independent brands, they relied heavily on Matches and Farfetch, another struggling multi-brand platform.”

Keira Knightley wearing The Vampire’s Wife in 2018

Natalie Portman wearing The Vampire’s Wife in 2019

In March of this year, Matches folded, causing a ripple effect among the brands it stocked, with the worst impact falling on the independents such as The Vampire’s Wife. Unable to pay its bills, many labels were left hugely out of pocket. The Times reported that, according to the administrator’s report, Matches owed Cave’s company £32,250. “The closure of Matches is very difficult for smaller brands who have limited cash flow,” explains Holzmann. “It’s very difficult for them to recover. Fashion is an eco-system.”

Brexit and the end of free trade has also caused significant issues for British fashion brands who now face increased trade costs and the removal of tax-free shopping to tourists. “Brexit has certainly posed the biggest challenge for us over the past two years, particularly with increased shipping costs, taxes, and logistics in Europe,” says Henrietta Rix of Rixo, which is still independently owned. “The additional taxes and duties have made it difficult to trade as profitably.”

Susie Cave at the 2018 Harper’s Bazaar Women of the Year Awards

Rixo has overcome these hurdles by focusing on US expansion with a New York pop-up store opening earlier this month and a collaboration with an LA-based brand in the pipeline. That said, the business is still feeling the pandemic pinch. “Wholesale has been tricky since Covid in all honesty,” admits Rix. “Multi-brand platforms are a lot more careful with their buy and we are on sell-through guarantees with our big customers, which means if a certain percentage of our pieces aren’t sold at full-price, then the stockist can sell them at a marked-down price. We have to monitor their buys extremely carefully.”

The cost of living crisis has also meant that shoppers are watching their spending more than ever. “High-net-worth shoppers not affected, but the aspirational are,” says Holzmann. “Mortgage rates are increasing, food prices are up – life is more expensive, which means that the luxury fashion that they might have saved for previously, is now out of reach. Rental services and second-hand platforms make more sense to the consumer. How many times are you going to wear that Vampire’s Wife dress? British independent brands have been heavily impacted by these options. If you have an option to rent why wouldn’t you?”

Rixo designers Henrietta Rix and Orlagh McCloskey in September 2020

The fashion rental business is booming. The Business Research Company reports that the online clothing rental market is expected to grow by 11.4 per cent from $1.57 billion in 2023 to $1.75 billion in 2024. More of us are turning to platforms such as By Rotation and Hurr for both environmental and financial reasons. For Rixo, who partnered with Hurr in 2023, these platforms are an important part of its vision. “The rise of the rental and second-hand markets complements our mission,” says Rix. “We pride ourselves on the longevity and diversity of our pieces and have always loved the idea of Rixo product being passed down through generations.”

Still, the threats posed by Brexit, the demise of the multi-brand luxury e-stores, and the cost of living squeeze mean that independent brands have more to manage financially than previously. Luxury conglomerates such as LVMH and Kering might offer stability, but can involve creative compromise and a lack of control. “Allowing monopolies to dominate the industry can lead to homogenisation, where unique voices and small-scale innovators are overshadowed by a few major players,” says Olya Kuryshchuk, the founder and editor in chief of 1Granary, a global fashion education platform and creative network. “The path itself should be redeveloped. There need to be new spaces for independent brands, new business models, new channels to connect to audiences. Emerging brands need to start creating those, and stop purely relying on others to be supporting them. It is a demanding time, and young designers need to be brave enough to do things differently in order to survive and build a healthy business.”

Christopher Kane, who was forced to close his brand in June 2023

An argument often thrown at homegrown designers is that, while they boast talent and creative vision in spades, they lack business acumen. Our fashion colleges, including Central Saint Martins and London College of Fashion, are widely regarded as among the best in the world, but have been criticised for not furnishing design students with a commercial understanding of how the industry works. “Too much responsibility is placed on fashion schools, and too much is expected of the designers themselves,” says Kuryshchuk. “We want designers to have a unique vision, be skilled in executing that vision, come up with sustainability solutions, be public speakers, excel as accountants, lawyers, production managers, social-media managers, and HR experts. Perhaps it’s time to promote the idea of building brands as teams, recognising the input and value of diverse roles within those brands, and teach those skills separately.”

It will take a lot for the current crop of British independent brands to survive, but it’s essential to the international fashion industry that they do. Without them, the shape of our cultural landscape will be infinitely poorer. “Independent brands drive innovation and creativity,” emphasises Kuryshchuk. “They serve as incubators for new talent and foster new communities. Often prioritising sustainability and ethical practices, they set new standards for the industry and challenge the status quo. It’s crucial that we don’t find ourselves in a place where only conglomerates have a say.”